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| Man made fiber |
Man made fiber: BASIC CONCEPT OF MAN MADE FIBER
Content
- Definition and Source
- Historical Development
- Generic and Trade Name
- Classification
Key Questions
• Is orange fiber a manmade fiber?
• Which manmade fiber is produced from another manmade fiber?
• What is the first synthetic fiber?
• Which is the world’s most popular manmade fiber?
• Write full name of the world’s strongest textile fiber.
• Give three names of high performance fibers.
• Provide three examples of new generation fiber.
• Which name of fiber must be used for labeling of textiles?
• Write five generic names of fiber together with their trade names.
DEFINITION AND SOURCE
Meaning and Starting Material
Definition
Fibre, manufactured; fibre, man-made
A fibre that does not occur in nature, although the
material of which it is composed may occur naturally.
Textile Terms and Definitions, 11th Ed, The Textile Institute, UK, 2002, p.129
The fiber forming substances have to be manufactured by
chemical methods instead of growing them in fields.
Because of this, man-made fiber is also called chemical or
manufactured fiber.
Orange Fiber
Natural or manmade?!
Source or Origin
Natural polymers e.g. viscose from wood pulp, azlon from
natural protein like milk, corn or soybeans.
• Naturally occurring non-polymer materials e.g. metal fiber from
metals and ores, glass fiber from silica and other minerals.
• Synthesized polymers e.g. polyamides, polyesters from
petrochemicals or natural gas.
• Other manufactured fibers e.g. carbon fiber from acrylic fiber.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
1664 English physicist Robert Hooke suggested the
possibility of extruding artificial silk by a mechanical imitation of
the silkworm.
1884 French chemist Hilairede Chardonnet produced first manmade fiber from nitrocellulose, commercial production started in 1890.
1905 The commercial The commercial production of first successful manmade fiber viscose started in UK by Courtaulds.
1935-38 The first synthetic fiber nylon was discovered by WH Carothers. Paul Schlack invented Perlon® nylon in 1938.
1941 Polyester fiber was discovered by Dickson & Whinfield in UK. Commercial production started in 1953.
New Generation Fibers Commercial production of high performance fiber aramid (Kevlar®) in 1971 by Du Pont,in 1971 by Du Pont,USA.
Fibers Commercial Production of lyocell (Tencel®) in 1992 by Courtaulds, UK.
Fibers Commercialization of PBO in 1998 jointly developed by USAF & Toyobo (Zylon®).
Fibers FTC designation of first biodegradable fiber PLA in 2002 by Cargill Dow, USA.
Fibers FTC designation of triexta for PTT fiber in 2009 by Mohawk & Du Pont, USA.
GENERIC AND TRADE NAME
Generic name of a textile fiber refers to its basic
technologies and properties, usually approved by
government or international bodies, to be used for
customs and textile product labeling purposes.
Generic Name
According to the EU regulation 1007/2011, US/FTC regulations (TFPIA)
and related national legislations around the world, the fiber
composition of textile products must be stated in all stages of
processing and marketing using the generic names. ISO 2076 lists the
generic names of the different categories of man-made fibers
currently manufactured industrially for textile purposes.
Trade Name
Trade name or brand name is used by individual
producers to identify and market their own products.
Terylene® (ICI), Tetoron® (Toray/Teijin), Lycra® (DuPont),
Tencel® (Lenzing), Zylon® (Toyobo), Dyneema® (DSM).
CLASSIFICATION
Generic Name by ISO
Generic Name by ISO
• By transformation of natural polymers
ALG alginate, CA acetate, CUP cupro, ED elastodiene
CLY lyocell, CMD modal, CTA triacetate, CV viscose
• From Synthetic polymers
PAN acrylic, AR aramid, CLF chlorofiber, EL elastane, ED elastodiene
EOL elastolefin, EME elastomultiester, PTFE fluorofiber, MAC modacrylic
PA polyamide, PES polyester, PE polyethylene, PI polyimide, PLA polylactide
PP polypropylene, PVAL vinylal
ISO 2076:2013 (en)
Generic Name by FTC
Review Questions
• Is orange fiber a manmade fiber?
• Which manmade fiber is produced from another manmade fiber?
• What is the first synthetic fiber?
• Which is the world’s most popular manmade fiber?
• Write full name of the world’s strongest textile fiber.
• Give three names of high performance fibers.
• Provide three examples of new generation fiber.
• Which name of fiber must be used for labeling of textiles?
• Write five generic names of fiber together with their trade names.
Thank You
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